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My early research that started during my PhD program focused on prostate cancer prevention and tailoring messages that researched the most at-risk population: African American men. As part of an interprofessional team, the specific contribution of this early work revealed that men that perceived there may be a benefit to participating in prostate screening were more likely to go for screening than men who did not perceive a possible benefit yet felt that a cancer diagnosis would be fatal regardless of screening and early detection.

• ^{Weinrich, S; Reynolds, WA; Tingen, MS; & Starr, CR. (2000) Barriers to Prostate Cancer Screening in African American and Caucasian Men. Cancer Nursing, 23(2), 117-121. PMID: 10763282}
• ^{Tingen, MS; Weinrich, SP; Heydt, DD; Boyd, MD; & Weinrich, MC. (1998). Perceived Benefits: A Predictor of Participation in Prostate Cancer Screening. Cancer Nursing, 21(5), 349-357. PMID: 9775485}
• ^{Tingen, MS; Weinrich, SP; Boyd, MD; & Weinrich, MC. (1997). Prostate Cancer Screening: Predictors of Participation. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 9(12), 557-567. PMID: 9460422}
• ^{Tingen, MS & Weinrich, SP. (1997). Demographic Predictors of Participation in Free Prostate Cancer Screening. Nurse Practitioner, The Journal of Primary Healthcare, 22(1), 17-18. PMID: 9004310}

As a new faculty member, I had always wanted to study theory-driven tobacco prevention and cessation to prevent the adverse health consequences of tobacco use and exposure. These publications focused on primary prevention efforts with children and youth, cessation with parents, and how providers could be equipped to deliver effective evidence-based cessation strategies (AHRQ/PHS Smoking Cessation Guideline, later updated to the Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline, 2008) within the clinical environment. The 2006 publication was one of the first studies to train school nurses to implement tobacco prevention in schools across public health districts while concurrently providing self-help cessation strategies to parents. Findings revealed that trained school nurses were effective at delivery of the tobacco prevention program and the cessation resources. The 2001 study on providers and using the PHS Cessation Guideline, published in Preventive Medicine, was cited in the 2008 update of the PHS Guideline, Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence. Study results showed that providing feedback to healthcare providers was the most effective tool for improving provider delivery of the guidelines within the clinical encounter.

• ^{Benton, JZ; Lodh, A; Watson, AM; Tingen, MS; Terris, MK; Wallis, CJD; Klaassen, Z. (2020). The association between physician trust and smoking cessation: Implications for motivational interviewing. Preventive Medicine, DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YPMED.2020.106075. Published: 2020-06}
• ^{Derella CC, Tingen MS, Blanks A, Sojourner SJ, Tucker MA, Thomas J, Harris RA. Sci Rep. 2021 Dec 16;11(1):24122. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03476-5. PubMed PMID: 34916543; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8677816.}
• ^{Tingen, MS; Waller, JL; Smith, TM; Baker, RR; Reyes, J; & Treiber FA (2006).Tobacco Prevention in Children and Cessation in Family Members. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 18(4), 169-179. PMID: 16573730}
• ^{Andrews JO, Tingen M, Harper R. & Waller J. (2001). Provider feedback improves adherence with AHCPR smoking cessation guidelines. Preventive Medicine, 33, 415 ā€“ 421.}

For the most recent eight years, I have continued to investigate behavioral interventions affecting disparate and minority African American populations in rural and urban areas for tobacco prevention and cessation with biological measures (salivary cotinine) and cancer disparities and inequities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods are used most often and the partnerships and community engagement are extensive. These efforts have shown that community partners often provide the answers needed to assure both identification of the problem at hand and successful implementation of the project.

• ^{*Caldwell AL, *Tingen MS, Nguyen JT, Andrews JO, Heath J, Waller JL, & Treiber, FA. (2018). Parental smoking cessation: Impacting childrenā€™s tobacco smoke exposure in the home. 2018. Jan; 141(Suppl 1):S96-S106. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1026M. PMID: 29292310. *These authors contributed equally to this paper ā€“ Tingen is corresponding author.}
• ^{Andrews JO, Mueller M, Dooley M, Newman SD, Magwood GS, Tingen MS. (2016). Effect of a smoking cessation intervention for women in subsidized neighborhoods: A randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine. Sept; 90:170-176. [Epub 2016 Jul 14]. PMID: 27423320}
• ^{Moore JX, Andrzejak SE, Bevel MS, Jones SR, Tingen MS.(2022). Exploring racial disparities on the association between allostatic load and cancer mortality: A retrospective cohort analysis of NHANES, 1988 through 2019. SSM - Population Health. 2022 September; 19.}
• ^{Tingen, MS; Andrews, JO; Heath, J; Turnmire, A; Waller, J; & Treiber, FA. (2013). Comparison of Enrollment Rates of African American Families into a School-Based Tobacco Prevention Trial Using Two Recruitment Strategies in Urban and Rural Settings. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2013 Mar; 27(4):e91-e100. PMID: 23448420}

A fourth area of research still immersed in tobacco prevention in children, cessation in their parents, and thus decreasing second-hand smoke (SHS) in children, focuses on asthma, the number one chronic illness in children and the primary cause of school absenteeism. We have explored the comparison of prevalence between those with an asthma diagnoses and those undiagnosed with symptomology between an inner-city Detroit population and a rural, southern Georgia population. We found asthma is a disease of poverty more than geographic location. I am also exploring the impact on SHS on children related to obesity and cognition and their parents smoking behaviors. We found children exposed to SHS were more obese than their non-exposed peers and performed substantially poorer on standardized cognition tests than their non-exposed peers. We discovered parentā€™s under-report smoking as smoking status was measured through self-report and cotinine.

• ^{*Ownby, DR, *Tingen, MS, Havstad, S, Waller, JL, Johnson, CC, Joseph, CLM. (2015). Comparison of asthma prevalence among African American teenage youth attending public high schools in rural Georgia and urban Detroit. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2015 Sep;136(3):595-600.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Mar 29 *Denotes dual first authorship.}
• ^{Jordan DM, Bush JS, Ownby DR, Waller JL, & Tingen MS. (2018). The Impact of Traditional Literacy and Education on Health Literacy in Adolescents with Asthma. J Asthma. Jul 8:1-23. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1494191. PMID: 29984589.}
• ^{Davis, CL, Tingen, MS, Jia, J, Sherman, F, Williams, CF, Bhavsar, K, Wood, N, Kobleur, J, Waller, JL. (2016). Passive Smoke Exposure and Its Effects on Cognition, Sleep, and Health Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Children. Childhood Obesity. 12(2):119-25. Epub 2016 Jan 26. PMID: 26812049}
• ^{Reed BC, Waller JL, Ownby DR, Tingen MS. (2019). Association of exhaled nitric oxide with ethnicity and sex in rural Georgia youth. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 122(3):333-4.e1. Epub 2018/12/18. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.011. PubMed PMID: 30557616.}